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用 Docker 部署 TDengine

本章主要介绍如何在容器中启动 TDengine 服务并访问它。可以在 docker run 命令行中或者 docker-compose 文件中使用环境变量来控制容器中服务的行为。

启动 TDengine

TDengine 镜像启动时默认激活 HTTP 服务,使用下列命令

docker run -d --name tdengine -p 6041:6041 tdengine/tdengine

以上命令启动了一个名为“tdengine”的容器,并把其中的 HTTP 服务的端 6041 映射到了主机端口 6041。使用如下命令可以验证该容器中提供的 HTTP 服务是否可用:

curl -u root:taosdata -d "show databases" localhost:6041/rest/sql

使用如下命令可以在该容器中执行 TDengine 的客户端 taos 对 TDengine 进行访问:

$ docker exec -it tdengine taos

Welcome to the TDengine shell from Linux, Client Version:2.4.0.0
Copyright (c) 2020 by TAOS Data, Inc. All rights reserved.

taos> show databases;
name | created_time | ntables | vgroups | replica | quorum | days | keep | cache(MB) | blocks | minrows | maxrows | wallevel | fsync | comp | cachelast | precision | update | status |
====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
log | 2022-01-17 13:57:22.270 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 30 | 1 | 3 | 100 | 4096 | 1 | 3000 | 2 | 0 | us | 0 | ready |
Query OK, 1 row(s) in set (0.002843s)

因为运行在容器中的 TDengine 服务端使用容器的 hostname 建立连接,使用 taos shell 或者各种连接器(例如 JDBC-JNI)从容器外访问容器内的 TDengine 比较复杂,所以上述方式是访问容器中 TDengine 服务的最简单的方法,适用于一些简单场景。如果在一些复杂场景下想要从容器化使用 taos shell 或者各种连接器访问容器中的 TDengine 服务,请参考下一节。

在 host 网络上启动 TDengine

docker run -d --name tdengine --network host tdengine/tdengine

上面的命令在 host 网络上启动 TDengine,并使用主机的 FQDN 建立连接而不是使用容器的 hostname 。这种方式和在主机上使用 systemctl 启动 TDengine 效果相同。在主机已安装 TDengine 客户端情况下,可以直接使用下面的命令访问它。

$ taos

Welcome to the TDengine shell from Linux, Client Version:2.4.0.0
Copyright (c) 2020 by TAOS Data, Inc. All rights reserved.

taos> show dnodes;
id | end_point | vnodes | cores | status | role | create_time | offline reason |
======================================================================================================================================
1 | myhost:6030 | 1 | 8 | ready | any | 2022-01-17 22:10:32.619 | |
Query OK, 1 row(s) in set (0.003233s)

以指定的 hostname 和 port 启动 TDengine

利用 TAOS_FQDN 环境变量或者 taos.cfg 中的 fqdn 配置项可以使 TDengine 在指定的 hostname 上建立连接。这种方式可以为部署提供更大的灵活性。

docker run -d \
--name tdengine \
-e TAOS_FQDN=tdengine \
-p 6030-6049:6030-6049 \
-p 6030-6049:6030-6049/udp \
tdengine/tdengine

上面的命令在容器中启动一个 TDengine 服务,其所监听的 hostname 为 tdengine ,并将容器的 6030 到 6049 端口段映射到主机的 6030 到 6049 端口段 (tcp 和 udp 都需要映射)。如果主机上该端口段已经被占用,可以修改上述命令指定一个主机上空闲的端口段。如果 rpcForceTcp 被设置为 1 ,可以只映射 tcp 协议。

接下来,要确保 "tdengine" 这个 hostname 在 /etc/hosts 中可解析。

echo 127.0.0.1 tdengine |sudo tee -a /etc/hosts

最后,可以从 taos shell 或者任意连接器以 "tdengine" 为服务端地址访问 TDengine 服务。

taos -h tdengine -P 6030

如果 TAOS_FQDN 被设置为与所在主机名相同,则效果与 “在 host 网络上启动 TDengine” 相同。

在指定网络上启动 TDengine

也可以在指定的特定网络上启动 TDengine。下面是详细步骤:

  1. 首先,创建一个 docker 网络,命名为 td-net

    docker network create td-net
  2. 启动 TDengine

    以下命令在 td-net 网络上启动 TDengine 服务

    docker run -d --name tdengine --network td-net \
    -e TAOS_FQDN=tdengine \
    tdengine/tdengine
  3. 在同一网络上的另一容器中启动 TDengine 客户端

    docker run --rm -it --network td-net -e TAOS_FIRST_EP=tdengine tdengine/tdengine taos
    # or
    #docker run --rm -it --network td-net -e tdengine/tdengine taos -h tdengine

在容器中启动客户端应用

如果想在容器中启动自己的应用的话,需要将相应的对 TDengine 的依赖也要加入到镜像中,例如:

FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y wget
ENV TDENGINE_VERSION=2.4.0.0
RUN wget -c https://www.taosdata.com/assets-download/TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}-Linux-x64.tar.gz \
&& tar xvf TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}-Linux-x64.tar.gz \
&& cd TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION} \
&& ./install_client.sh \
&& cd ../ \
&& rm -rf TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}-Linux-x64.tar.gz TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}
## add your application next, eg. go, build it in builder stage, copy the binary to the runtime
#COPY --from=builder /path/to/build/app /usr/bin/
#CMD ["app"]

以下是一个 go 应用程序的示例:

/*
* In this test program, we'll create a database and insert 4 records then select out.
*/
package main

import (
"database/sql"
"flag"
"fmt"
"time"

_ "github.com/taosdata/driver-go/v2/taosSql"
)

type config struct {
hostName string
serverPort string
user string
password string
}

var configPara config
var taosDriverName = "taosSql"
var url string

func init() {
flag.StringVar(&configPara.hostName, "h", "", "The host to connect to TDengine server.")
flag.StringVar(&configPara.serverPort, "p", "", "The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection to TDengine server.")
flag.StringVar(&configPara.user, "u", "root", "The TDengine user name to use when connecting to the server.")
flag.StringVar(&configPara.password, "P", "taosdata", "The password to use when connecting to the server.")
flag.Parse()
}

func printAllArgs() {
fmt.Printf("============= args parse result: =============\n")
fmt.Printf("hostName: %v\n", configPara.hostName)
fmt.Printf("serverPort: %v\n", configPara.serverPort)
fmt.Printf("usr: %v\n", configPara.user)
fmt.Printf("password: %v\n", configPara.password)
fmt.Printf("================================================\n")
}

func main() {
printAllArgs()

url = "root:taosdata@/tcp(" + configPara.hostName + ":" + configPara.serverPort + ")/"

taos, err := sql.Open(taosDriverName, url)
checkErr(err, "open database error")
defer taos.Close()

taos.Exec("create database if not exists test")
taos.Exec("use test")
taos.Exec("create table if not exists tb1 (ts timestamp, a int)")
_, err = taos.Exec("insert into tb1 values(now, 0)(now+1s,1)(now+2s,2)(now+3s,3)")
checkErr(err, "failed to insert")
rows, err := taos.Query("select * from tb1")
checkErr(err, "failed to select")

defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next() {
var r struct {
ts time.Time
a int
}
err := rows.Scan(&r.ts, &r.a)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("scan error:\n", err)
return
}
fmt.Println(r.ts, r.a)
}
}

func checkErr(err error, prompt string) {
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("ERROR: %s\n", prompt)
panic(err)
}
}

如下是完整版本的 dockerfile

FROM golang:1.17.6-buster as builder
ENV TDENGINE_VERSION=2.4.0.0
RUN wget -c https://www.taosdata.com/assets-download/TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}-Linux-x64.tar.gz \
&& tar xvf TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}-Linux-x64.tar.gz \
&& cd TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION} \
&& ./install_client.sh \
&& cd ../ \
&& rm -rf TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}-Linux-x64.tar.gz TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}
WORKDIR /usr/src/app/
ENV GOPROXY="https://goproxy.io,direct"
COPY ./main.go ./go.mod ./go.sum /usr/src/app/
RUN go env
RUN go mod tidy
RUN go build

FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y wget
ENV TDENGINE_VERSION=2.4.0.0
RUN wget -c https://www.taosdata.com/assets-download/TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}-Linux-x64.tar.gz \
&& tar xvf TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}-Linux-x64.tar.gz \
&& cd TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION} \
&& ./install_client.sh \
&& cd ../ \
&& rm -rf TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}-Linux-x64.tar.gz TDengine-client-${TDENGINE_VERSION}

## add your application next, eg. go, build it in builder stage, copy the binary to the runtime
COPY --from=builder /usr/src/app/app /usr/bin/
CMD ["app"]

目前我们已经有了 main.go, go.mod, go.sum, app.dockerfile, 现在可以构建出这个应用程序并在 td-net 网络上启动它

$ docker build -t app -f app.dockerfile
$ docker run --rm --network td-net app -h tdengine -p 6030
============= args parse result: =============
hostName: tdengine
serverPort: 6030
usr: root
password: taosdata
================================================
2022-01-17 15:56:55.48 +0000 UTC 0
2022-01-17 15:56:56.48 +0000 UTC 1
2022-01-17 15:56:57.48 +0000 UTC 2
2022-01-17 15:56:58.48 +0000 UTC 3
2022-01-17 15:58:01.842 +0000 UTC 0
2022-01-17 15:58:02.842 +0000 UTC 1
2022-01-17 15:58:03.842 +0000 UTC 2
2022-01-17 15:58:04.842 +0000 UTC 3
2022-01-18 01:43:48.029 +0000 UTC 0
2022-01-18 01:43:49.029 +0000 UTC 1
2022-01-18 01:43:50.029 +0000 UTC 2
2022-01-18 01:43:51.029 +0000 UTC 3

用 docker-compose 启动 TDengine 集群

  1. 如下 docker-compose 文件启动一个 2 副本、2 管理节点、2 数据节点以及 1 个 arbitrator 的 TDengine 集群。

    version: "3"
    services:
    arbitrator:
    image: tdengine/tdengine:$VERSION
    command: tarbitrator
    td-1:
    image: tdengine/tdengine:$VERSION
    environment:
    TAOS_FQDN: "td-1"
    TAOS_FIRST_EP: "td-1"
    TAOS_NUM_OF_MNODES: "2"
    TAOS_REPLICA: "2"
    TAOS_ARBITRATOR: arbitrator:6042
    volumes:
    - taosdata-td1:/var/lib/taos/
    - taoslog-td1:/var/log/taos/
    td-2:
    image: tdengine/tdengine:$VERSION
    environment:
    TAOS_FQDN: "td-2"
    TAOS_FIRST_EP: "td-1"
    TAOS_NUM_OF_MNODES: "2"
    TAOS_REPLICA: "2"
    TAOS_ARBITRATOR: arbitrator:6042
    volumes:
    - taosdata-td2:/var/lib/taos/
    - taoslog-td2:/var/log/taos/
    volumes:
    taosdata-td1:
    taoslog-td1:
    taosdata-td2:
    taoslog-td2:
备注
  • VERSION 环境变量被用来设置 tdengine image tag
  • 在新创建的实例上必须设置 TAOS_FIRST_EP 以使其能够加入 TDengine 集群;如果有高可用需求,则需要同时使用 TAOS_SECOND_EP
  • TAOS_REPLICA 用来设置缺省的数据库副本数量,其取值范围为[1,3] 在双副本环境下,推荐使用 arbitrator, 用 TAOS_ARBITRATOR 来设置
  1. 启动集群

    $ VERSION=2.4.0.0 docker-compose up -d
    Creating network "test_default" with the default driver
    Creating volume "test_taosdata-td1" with default driver
    Creating volume "test_taoslog-td1" with default driver
    Creating volume "test_taosdata-td2" with default driver
    Creating volume "test_taoslog-td2" with default driver
    Creating test_td-1_1 ... done
    Creating test_arbitrator_1 ... done
    Creating test_td-2_1 ... done
  2. 查看节点状态

    $ docker-compose ps
    Name Command State Ports
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    test_arbitrator_1 /usr/bin/entrypoint.sh tar ... Up 6030/tcp, 6031/tcp, 6032/tcp, 6033/tcp, 6034/tcp, 6035/tcp, 6036/tcp, 6037/tcp, 6038/tcp, 6039/tcp, 6040/tcp, 6041/tcp, 6042/tcp
    test_td-1_1 /usr/bin/entrypoint.sh taosd Up 6030/tcp, 6031/tcp, 6032/tcp, 6033/tcp, 6034/tcp, 6035/tcp, 6036/tcp, 6037/tcp, 6038/tcp, 6039/tcp, 6040/tcp, 6041/tcp, 6042/tcp
    test_td-2_1 /usr/bin/entrypoint.sh taosd Up 6030/tcp, 6031/tcp, 6032/tcp, 6033/tcp, 6034/tcp, 6035/tcp, 6036/tcp, 6037/tcp, 6038/tcp, 6039/tcp, 6040/tcp, 6041/tcp, 6042/tcp
  3. 用 taos shell 查看 dnodes

    $ docker-compose exec td-1 taos -s "show dnodes"

    Welcome to the TDengine shell from Linux, Client Version:2.4.0.0
    Copyright (c) 2020 by TAOS Data, Inc. All rights reserved.

    taos> show dnodes
    id | end_point | vnodes | cores | status | role | create_time | offline reason |
    ======================================================================================================================================
    1 | td-1:6030 | 1 | 8 | ready | any | 2022-01-18 02:47:42.871 | |
    2 | td-2:6030 | 0 | 8 | ready | any | 2022-01-18 02:47:43.518 | |
    0 | arbitrator:6042 | 0 | 0 | ready | arb | 2022-01-18 02:47:43.633 | - |
    Query OK, 3 row(s) in set (0.000811s)

taosAdapter

  1. taosAdapter 在 TDengine 容器中默认是启动的。如果想要禁用它,在启动时指定环境变量 TAOS_DISABLE_ADAPTER=true

  2. 同时为了部署灵活起见,可以在独立的容器中启动 taosAdapter

    services:
    # ...
    adapter:
    image: tdengine/tdengine:$VERSION
    command: taosadapter

    如果要部署多个 taosAdapter 来提高吞吐量并提供高可用性,推荐配置方式为使用 nginx 等反向代理来提供统一的访问入口。具体配置方法请参考 nginx 的官方文档。如下是示例:

    version: "3"

    networks:
    inter:
    api:

    services:
    arbitrator:
    image: tdengine/tdengine:$VERSION
    command: tarbitrator
    networks:
    - inter
    td-1:
    image: tdengine/tdengine:$VERSION
    networks:
    - inter
    environment:
    TAOS_FQDN: "td-1"
    TAOS_FIRST_EP: "td-1"
    TAOS_NUM_OF_MNODES: "2"
    TAOS_REPLICA: "2"
    TAOS_ARBITRATOR: arbitrator:6042
    volumes:
    - taosdata-td1:/var/lib/taos/
    - taoslog-td1:/var/log/taos/
    td-2:
    image: tdengine/tdengine:$VERSION
    networks:
    - inter
    environment:
    TAOS_FQDN: "td-2"
    TAOS_FIRST_EP: "td-1"
    TAOS_NUM_OF_MNODES: "2"
    TAOS_REPLICA: "2"
    TAOS_ARBITRATOR: arbitrator:6042
    volumes:
    - taosdata-td2:/var/lib/taos/
    - taoslog-td2:/var/log/taos/
    adapter:
    image: tdengine/tdengine:$VERSION
    command: taosadapter
    networks:
    - inter
    environment:
    TAOS_FIRST_EP: "td-1"
    TAOS_SECOND_EP: "td-2"
    deploy:
    replicas: 4
    nginx:
    image: nginx
    depends_on:
    - adapter
    networks:
    - inter
    - api
    ports:
    - 6041:6041
    - 6044:6044/udp
    command: [
    "sh",
    "-c",
    "while true;
    do curl -s http://adapter:6041/-/ping >/dev/null && break;
    done;
    printf 'server{listen 6041;location /{proxy_pass http://adapter:6041;}}'
    > /etc/nginx/conf.d/rest.conf;
    printf 'stream{server{listen 6044 udp;proxy_pass adapter:6044;}}'
    >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf;cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf;
    nginx -g 'daemon off;'",
    ]
    volumes:
    taosdata-td1:
    taoslog-td1:
    taosdata-td2:
    taoslog-td2:

使用 docker swarm 部署

如果要想将基于容器的 TDengine 集群部署在多台主机上,可以使用 docker swarm。首先要在这些主机上建立 docke swarm 集群,请参考 docker 官方文档。

docker-compose 文件可以参考上节。下面是使用 docker swarm 启动 TDengine 的命令:

$ VERSION=2.4.0 docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml taos
Creating network taos_inter
Creating network taos_api
Creating service taos_arbitrator
Creating service taos_td-1
Creating service taos_td-2
Creating service taos_adapter
Creating service taos_nginx

查看和管理

$ docker stack ps taos
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
79ni8temw59n taos_nginx.1 nginx:latest TM1701 Running Running about a minute ago
3e94u72msiyg taos_adapter.1 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0 TM1702 Running Running 56 seconds ago
100amjkwzsc6 taos_td-2.1 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0 TM1703 Running Running about a minute ago
pkjehr2vvaaa taos_td-1.1 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0 TM1704 Running Running 2 minutes ago
tpzvgpsr1qkt taos_arbitrator.1 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0 TM1705 Running Running 2 minutes ago
rvss3g5yg6fa taos_adapter.2 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0 TM1706 Running Running 56 seconds ago
i2augxamfllf taos_adapter.3 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0 TM1707 Running Running 56 seconds ago
lmjyhzccpvpg taos_adapter.4 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0 TM1708 Running Running 56 seconds ago
$ docker service ls
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS
561t4lu6nfw6 taos_adapter replicated 4/4 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0
3hk5ct3q90sm taos_arbitrator replicated 1/1 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0
d8qr52envqzu taos_nginx replicated 1/1 nginx:latest *:6041->6041/tcp, *:6044->6044/udp
2isssfvjk747 taos_td-1 replicated 1/1 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0
9pzw7u02ichv taos_td-2 replicated 1/1 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0

从上面的输出可以看到有两个 dnode, 和两个 taosAdapter,以及一个 nginx 反向代理服务。

接下来,我们可以减少 taosAdapter 服务的数量

$ docker service scale taos_adapter=1
taos_adapter scaled to 1
overall progress: 1 out of 1 tasks
1/1: running [==================================================>]
verify: Service converged

$ docker service ls -f name=taos_adapter
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS
561t4lu6nfw6 taos_adapter replicated 1/1 tdengine/tdengine:2.4.0